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Texas Environmental Almanac, Chapter 9, Industrial Waste, Notes

NOTES

  1. Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President, Environmental Trends (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, July 1981), 84.

  2. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994), 101.

  3. Joseph Petulla, American Environmental History (Columbus, Ohio: Merill Publishing Company, 1988), 428.

  4. Testimony by Barry L. Johnson, Assistant Surgeon General, Assistant Administrator, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management, United States Senate, May 6, 1993.

  5. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986),1.

  6. For a good review of the effect of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals on farm workers in the U.S., see General Accounting Office, Hired Farm Workers, Health and Well-Being at Risk. Report to Congressional Requesters (Washington, DC: GAO Report, 1992). Both the Public Health Institute and the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International Union have detailed the health effects of waste on oil and gas workers.

  7. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), Appendix IX, 5.

  8. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994), 103.

  9. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1994), 101.

  10. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  11. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  12. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  13. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  14. Texas Health and Safety Code, 402.222.

  15. See Title 10 of Code of Federal Regulations. Both the state and federal definitions of low-level radioactive waste exempt irradiated reactor fuel and high-level radioactive waste from their definitions of low-level radioactive waste.

  16. Scott Saleska, Ken Bossong and Others, Nuclear Legacy, An Overview of the Places, Problems and Politics of Radioactive Waste (Washington, DC: Public Citizen, September 1989).

  17. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 102.

  18. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  19. All low-level radioactive waste storage facilities must be licensed by the Bureau of Radiation Control, a division of the Texas Department of Health. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  20. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  21. See, for example, Alert Citizens for Environmental Safety, Low-Level Radioactive Waste Fact Sheet (Sierra Blanca, TX: ACES, 1993).

  22. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 102.

  23. A. Woodward, A., D. Roder, and others, "Radon daughter exposures at the Radium Hill uranium mine and lung cancer rates among former workers, 1952-1987," Cancer Causes Control, Vol.2, No. 4, 1991, Vol. 213-220.

  24. Susan Jablonski, Texas Low Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Authority, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies by phone, September 1994.

  25. Nicholas Lenssen, WorldWatch Institute, Nuclear Waste: The Problem that Won't Go Away (Washington, DC: WorldWatch Institute, December 1991), 9.

  26. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Forces of Change: Shaping the Future of Texas (Vol. 11, Part 1), (Austin: TCPA, November 1993), 466.

  27. Steve Etter, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, September 1994.

  28. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report, 1993 (Austin: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, May 1994), 52.

  29. Steve Etter, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, September 1994.

  30. Dale Kohler, Uranium Injection Control Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, September 1994.

  31. Dale Kohler, Uranium Injection Control Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, September 1994.

  32. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 3.

  33. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report (Austin: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Committee, May 1994), 32.

  34. Information provided by Petroleum Storage Tank Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Committee, "Reported Petroleum Storage Tank Releases by County," (Austin: TNRCC, February 23, 1994).

  35. For example, the Railroad Commission of Texas reported a total of 367,188 oil and gas wells registered by the state, about 90,000 of which were inactive. An estimated 1.58 million wells have been drilled in Texas over the past 80 years, less than a quarter of which are estimated to have been properly plugged. See Railroad Commission of Texas, printout of Oil Well Counts by County As of September 1993 and Gas Well Counts by County as of September 1993 (Austin: RCT, 1994).

  36. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March1, 1995), 7.

  37. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 6.

  38. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March1, 1995), 7. According to the TNRCC's 1993 Industrial and Hazardous Waste Generator/Shipper Monitoring Report, a total of 182 million tons of RCRA hazardous waste was produced in 1993.

  39. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 2.

  40. Texas released more toxics on-site than any other state except Louisiana, and transferred more toxics within the state than any other state except Indiana. Overall, Texas released or transferred more toxics than any other in 1992. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992 Toxic Release Inventory: Public Data Release (Washington, DC: EPA, April 1994), Table 1-6 and Table 1-7.

  41. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 5.

  42. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Generator/Shipper Monitoring Report, 1/1/93 - 12/31/93. In 1993, Harris County led all counties with 78.8 million tons of hazardous waste generated. Galveston (35.6 million), Brazoria (15.9 million), Nueces (9.7 million) and Harrison (5.2 million) followed.

  43. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 4.

  44. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 4.

  45. Texas Water Commission, Waste Ranking Report, 1991 (Austin: TWC, 1993).

  46. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 5.

  47. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 5.

  48. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 6.

  49. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 15.

  50. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 10.

  51. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 4-5.

  52. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 4-5.

  53. Environmental Protection Agency, Summary: Environmental Plan for the U.S.-Mexico Border Area (Washington: EPA, February 1992), Table 2.

  54. Article III of La Paz Agreement. See also The Decree for the Promotion and Operation of the Maquiladora Exporting Industry, Diario Oficial, August 1983.

  55. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Hazardous Waste Management, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 11.

  56. The World Bank, The World Bank Executive Project Summary: Mexico: Northern Border Environment Project, 1993 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1993).

  57. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Hazardous Waste Management, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 12.

  58. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Needs Assessment for Hazardous Waste Commercial Management Capacity in Texas: 1993 Update (Austin: TNRCC, 1994), Executive Summary.

  59. The Andrews site, which will be operated by Houston-based Waste Control Specialist Inc., was permitted in August, 1994.

  60. Texas Water Commission, Toxic Release Inventory Program: 1988 State Report (Austin: TWC, March 1991), 8.

  61. Information prepared by the Toxics Release Inventory Program, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. Total does not include transfers for recycling and energy recovery.

  62. Texas' position as the top producer of toxic releases and transfers does not include transfers to energy recovery and recycling operations. For a state-by-state comparison, see Environmental Protection Agency, 1992 Toxics Release Inventory: Public Data Release (Washington, DC: EPA, April 1994), Tables 1-6 to 1-12.

  63. Environmental Protection Agency, 1992 Toxics Release Inventory:Public Data Release, (Washington, DC: EPA, April 1994), Table 3-12; and information prepared by the Toxics Release Inventory Program, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  64. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 2.

  65. For example, a report published by Canadian and American scientists in 1989 found that dangerous chemicals such as benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene were leaking through clay-lined landfills more rapidly than had been thought possible. See Richard Johnson, John Cherry and James Pankanow, "Diffusive Contaminant Transport in Natural Clay: A Field Example and Implications for Clay-Lined Waste Disposal Sites," Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 23 (March, 1989), pgs. 340-349; and Andrew Scasz, EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice, (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 141.

  66. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986),15.

  67. For example, Andrew Szasz argues that pollution prevention gained favor among industries when national laws made pollution disposal costly through regulations and local opposition made siting disposal facilities extremely difficult. The choice left industry was to not produce the waste at all (see Szasz, EcoPopulism: Toxic Waste and the Movement for Environmental Justice (Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 1994), 140 - 146.

  68. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, "Clean Texas 2000 Gains Momentum," The Texas Environment (Winter 1994), 4.

  69. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March 1, 1995), 10.

  70. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March 1, 1995), 10.

  71. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, "Clean Texas 2000 Gains Momentum," The Texas Environment (Winter 1994), 4.

  72. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March 1, 1995), 10.

  73. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March 1, 1995), 30.

  74. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March 1, 1995), 10.

  75. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Hazardous Waste Management, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), Table IV.

  76. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 10.

  77. House Research Organization, 1993 Constitutional Amendments: The November 2 Election (Austin: HRO, August 30, 1993), 2.

  78. Information provided by Proposition Two Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  79. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Hazardous Waste Management,(Austin: TWC, July 1993), Table IV.

  80. Andrew Neblett, Office of Pollution Prevention, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, July 1994.

  81. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Forces of Change: Shaping the Future of Texas, Volume II, Part 1 (Austin: TCPA, November 1993), 464.

  82. Information provided by RENEW, Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  83. Office of Pollution Prevention and Recycling, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, A Report to the 74th Legislature: Pollution Prevention and Waste Reduction in Texas (Austin: TNRCC, March 1, 1995), 10.

  84. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Forces of Change: Shaping the Future of Texas, Vol. 11, Part 1 (Austin: TCPA, November 1993), 465.

  85. Patti Jacobs, Market Strategies International, interview by Texas Center for Policy Studies, September 1994.

  86. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986), 24.

  87. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986), 24.

  88. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986), 25.

  89. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986), 25.

  90. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991, Update, Table 1.

  91. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991, Update, 14. These totals do not include the quantity of waste burned at fuel blenders, either in-state or out-of-state since these blenders ultimately ship this waste to cement kilns for incineration.

  92. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 11.

  93. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management: 1991 Update, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 11.

  94. Texas Air Control Board, Final Report of Texas Air Control Board Task Force on Waste-Derived Fuels for Cement Kilns ( Austin: TACB, February 1993), Appendix C.

  95. See Texas Air Control Board, Final Report of Texas Air Control Board Task Force on Waste-Derived Fuels for Cement Kilns ( Austin: TACB, February 1993).

  96. Jeff Bailey, "Poor Economics and Trash Shortage Force Incineration Industry Changes," Wall Street Journal (August 11, 1993), A2.

  97. U.S. General Accounting Office, Hazardous Waste: Controls Over Injection Well Disposal Operations (Washington, DC: GAO, 1987), 17,

  98. Texas Department of Water Resources, Underground Injection Operations in Texas (Austin: TDWR, December 1984), 3-1

  99. Ben Kinobe, Underground Injection Control Program, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, July 1994.

  100. Texas Department of Water Resources, Underground Injection Operations in Texas (Austin: TDWR, December 1984), Table 1.

  101. Information provided by Environmental Services Division, Railroad Commission of Texas, March 1994.

  102. Office of Technology Assessment, Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control (Washington, DC: OTA, March 1983), 195.

  103. Office of Technology Assessment, Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control (Washington, DC: OTA, March 1983), 190.

  104. Office of Technology Assessment, Technologies and Management Strategies for Hazardous Waste Control (Washington, DC: OTA, March 1983), 195.

  105. U.S. General Accounting Office, Hazardous Waste: Controls over Injection Well Disposal Operations (Washington, DC: GAO, 1987), 42.

  106. U.S. General Accounting Office, Hazardous Waste: Controls over Injection Well Disposal Operations (Washington, DC: GAO, 1987), 21.

  107. U.S. General Accounting Office, Hazardous Waste: Controls over Injection Well Disposal Operations (Washington, DC: GAO, 1987), 21.

  108. Texas Groundwater Protection Committee, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report, 1993 (Austin: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, May 1994), Table 2.

  109. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986),15.

  110. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report 1993 (Austin: TNRCC, May 1994), 32.

  111. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report 1993 (Austin: TNRCC, May 1994), Table 1.

  112. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Texas Hazardous Waste Management (Austin: TWC, July 1993), Table 4.

  113. Texas Water Commission, Texas Solid Waste Strategic Plan, 4.

  114. For example, in 1991, industries sent 31,300 tons to commercial landfills in Texas, while sending 113,700 tons of hazardous waste to landfills in other states. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Managing Hazardous Waste, 1991, Table IV.

  115. Kathey Ferland, Waste Management Policy Division, Texas Water Commission, "Interoffice Memorandum" to Lonnie Robinson, Municipal Solid Waste Division, Texas Water Commission, June 3, 1993.

  116. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Managing Hazardous Waste, 1991, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 14.

  117. Texas Water Commission, Trends in Managing Hazardous Waste, 1991, (Austin: TWC, July 1993), 14.

  118. Susie Frizlen, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, phone interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, July 1994.

  119. Susie Frizlen, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, phone interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, July 1994.

  120. Information from Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  121. Wendy Rozacky, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, August 1994.

  122. Wendy Rozacky, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, interview with Texas Center for Policy Studies, August 1994.

  123. World Resources Institute, The 1994 Information Please Environmental Almanac, (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1994), 102.

  124. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), Appendix IX, 5.

  125. Testimony by Barry Johnson, Ph. D, Assistant Surgeon General, Assistant Administrator, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management, United States Senate, May 6, 1993.

  126. Testimony by Barry Johnson, Ph. D, Assistant Surgeon General, Assistant Administrator, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management, United States Senate, May 6, 1993.

  127. Testimony by Barry Johnson, Ph. D, Assistant Surgeon General, Assistant Administrator, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Before the Subcommittee on Superfund, Recycling, and Solid Waste Management, United States Senate, May 6, 1993.

  128. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), Appendix IX, 13.

  129. Information provided by Helen Greene, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  130. See Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6, Progress at Superfund Sites in Texas, (Dallas: EPA, Region 6, Winter 1993/1994). For example, 17 of the 30 national Superfund sites are connected to either oil and gas production waste or to chemical waste.

  131. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), Appendix IX, 7.

  132. Environmental Protection Agency, Progress at Superfund Sites in Texas (Dallas: EPA, Region 6, Winter 1993/1994), 24.

  133. Texas Network for Environmental and Economic Justice, Toxic Legacy: The Poisoning of West Dallas (Austin: TNEEJ, 1994).

  134. Environmental Protection Agency, The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality (Washington, DC: EPA, September 1988), 25.

  135. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 6, Progress at Superfund Sites in Texas (Dallas: EPA, Region 6), 25.

  136. Texas Network for Environmental and Economic Justice, Toxic Legacy: The Poisoning of West Dallas (Austin: TNEEJ, 1994).

  137. Texas Department of Health, An Investigation of a Cluster of Neural Tube Defects in Cameron County, Texas (Austin: TDOH, July 1, 1992), 20.

  138. The Texas Department of Health continues to investigate and monitor NTDs through a special project.

  139. Jean Brender and Lucina Suarez, "Paternal Occupation and Anencephaly," American Journal of Epidemiology , Vol. 131, no. 2, 1990, 517 - 521.

  140. The National Toxics Campaign Fund monitored air in Matamoros and found high levels of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene, while samples in water canals used by industries to dispose of toxic waste revealed solvent levels thousands of times above both U.S. and Mexican standards. see Sanford Lewis et al, Border Trouble: Rivers in Peril, a Report on Water Pollution Due to Industrial Development in Northern Mexico, (Washington, DC: NTCF, May 1991.

  141. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), 1.

  142. U.S. General Accounting Office, Superfund: Reauthorization and Risk Prioritization Issues (Washington, DC: GAO/T-RCED-94-250, June 24, 1994), 1.

  143. Jim Feeley, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, "TNRCC Superfund Program," Speech at Environmental Trade Fair 1994, Austin, Texas, April 13, 1994. More recent information provided by Helen Greene, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  144. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), Appendix IX, 6.

  145. Information provided by Helen Greene, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission.

  146. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), 10.

  147. Texas Water Commission, Briefing Report on Federal and State Superfund Programs in Texas for Texas Water Commissioners (Austin: TWC, May 1992), 11.

  148. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report 1993 (Austin: TNRCC, May 1994), 36.

  149. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Joint Groundwater Monitoring and Contamination Report 1993 (Austin: TNRCC, May 1994), 36.

  150. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986), 10.

  151. Environmental Protection Agency, Solving the Hazardous Waste Problem: EPA's RCRA Program (Washington, DC: EPA, November 1986), 10.

  152. Don Fawn, Texas Water Commission, Spills: Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst (Austin: TWC, 1992), 3.

  153. Don Fawn, Texas Water Commission, Spills: Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst (Austin: TWC, 1992), 5.

  154. Don Fawn, Texas Water Commission, Spills: Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst (Austin: TWC, 1992), 6.

  155. Don Fawn, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, "TNRCC Emergency Response Requirements," speech at Environmental Trade Fair 1994, Austin, April 15, 1994.

  156. Don Fawn, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, "TNRCC Emergency Response Requirements," speech at Environmental Trade Fair 1994, Austin, April 15, 1994.

  157. Don Fawn, Texas Water Commission, Spills: Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst (Austin: TWC/, 1992), 11.

  158. Information prepared by Texas General Land Office, Oil Spill Prevention and Response Division.

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